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  • 1.1.7 Reasoning Techniques

    Version 1.3 March 2013                                (Previous Version)

    In this section we look at a number of techniques that we use for seeking the truth.

    We can be both impressed with the power of these techniques, and humbled by their fragility. 

    We look at the following different techniques:

    1. A Priori

    Is anything useful self-evidently true, or is everything uncertain?

    2. Induction:

    Can we make useful generalisations?

    Is it reasonable to break down the techniques we use to work out the truth into these seven methods?

    Click on feedback, or add a comment below, to tell us if you agree or disagree, or suggest improvements.

    3. Deduction:

    Is logic infallible?

    4. Falsifiability:

    How do we know something is wrong?

    5. Occam’s Razor:

    What basis is there to prefer one explanation over another?

    6. Coherence:

    How can we know an explanation is OK?

    7. Common Sense:

    When all else fails, is it at least consistent with common sense?

    This section is not intended to be a complete introduction to reasoning and logic, but to show that:

      A small number of powerful techniques are very useful for determining the truth;

      It is essential that we not be illogical, otherwise we are more likely to be in error;

      Whether any reasoning technique applies to a real situation, and how it applies, has to be considered on a case by case basis – there is no logic that tells us which logic to apply, or when it applies.

    After we have considered these subject areas we come to the following conclusion.

    1.1.7    There are useful guidelines we use to work out what to believe – using reason based on the available evidence.  If we don't follow these guidelines we will have beliefs which are unreasonable, or not based on reality, so they are more likely to be wrong.  At the lowest level we use induction, deduction, and falsifiability.  At a higher level we use Occam’s razor, coherence and common sense.  How we use these techniques in any real world situation must be considered on a case by case basis.   more (later)

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    We acknowledge the traditional owners and custodians of Country, throughout all colonised lands, and their connections to land, waters and community. We pay respect by giving voice to truth, values and social justice, acknowledging our shared history, and valuing the cultures of first nations peoples.

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